Prevention and fire protection requirements in the facilities (Part I) second tabah 2008 - page 189

ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ
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• ﺘﻬﻭﻴﺔ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ :
ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻝﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﺎﻥ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﺎﻥ " ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺨﻥ " ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻝﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺃﺨـﺭﻯ ﻤـﻥ
ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ .
ﺝ
• ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ :
ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﻁل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺴﺤﺔ ﻤﻜﺸﻭﻓﺔ ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻁل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺎﺭﻉ .
• ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺩ ﺍﺨﻠﻲ :
ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﻴﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ، ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺠ ﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺘﺤﺭﻜﺎ .
• ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﺎﻨﻊ ﻝﻠﺤﺭﻴﻕ :
ﺤﺎﺠﺯ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻝﻠﺤﺭﻴﻕ ﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ، ﻝﻴﺤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﺨﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺒﺨﺭﺓ .
ﺡ
• ﺤﺩ ﺃﺩﻨﻰ ﺤﺭﺝ ﻝﻠﻔﻴﺽ ﺍﻹﺸـﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ :
ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﻨﻑ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺃﺴـﻁﺢ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸـﻁﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ) ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ ( ﻻﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﻬﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ
ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﺎﺴـﻲ ، ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺃﺴـﺎﺴـﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﻬﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴـﻁﺢ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘـﺸـﻁﻴﺒﺎﺕ
ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻝﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﻴﺽ ﺍﻹﺸـﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍ ﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ،
ﻭ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻴﺽ ﺍﻹﺸـﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻋﻨﺩﻩ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺴـﻲ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ
ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﺓ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﻬﺏ .
• ﺤﻭﺍﺠﺯ ﻤﺎﻨﻌﺔ ﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ ) ( ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﻕ :
ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺇﻨﺸـﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺘﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ ) ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ( ﻝﺘﻤﻨﻊ ﺍ ﺸﺎﺭ ﻨﺘ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﻕ .
ﺩ
• : ﺩﺭﺝ
ﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﻴﻥﺔ ﺭﺃﺴﻴ ﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻭﺁﺨﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻰ .
• ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﺸـﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﻬﺏ :
ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﻬﺏ ﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻝﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸـﻁﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺤـﻭﺍﺌﻁ،
ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺴـﺘﻤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺴـﻲ ﻻﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﻬﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴـﻁﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ .
• ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﺤﺭﻴﻕ :
ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸـﺎﺀ ﻝﻠﺤﺭﻴﻕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﺤﻤل ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻨـﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴـﻕ ﻭ
ﻴﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻠﻬﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴـﺎﺨﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻀﻪ ﻝﺤﺭﻴﻕ ﻗﻴﺎﺴـﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺸــﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒـﺎﺭ
ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺴـﻲ .